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Sindhi poems plus#

The imperfective stem is formed by attaching the affix - and - to the verb root and the perfective one by adding - y - to it.

aspect : imperfective (including habitual and continuous actions) and perfective (completed activities).

Sindhi poems plus#

Only the imperative is considered an independent mood it is expressed by the bare verb stem plus its own personal markers e.g. The presumptive, subjunctive and contrafactual are considered an integral part of the tense system.

mood : mood and tense are not completely separable in Sindhi.

person and number : 1s, 2s, 3s 1p, 2p, 3p.

The relative pronouns, jo (masc.), ja (fem.), have so as correlative in the main clause. The interrogative pronouns are kēru ('who?') and keha ṛ o ('what?'). The distal pronoun is the same as the 3rd person pronoun. Oral and nasal vowels are contrastive.ĭemonstrative pronouns distinguish between proximal and distal: hī ('this' masc.), hīa ('this' fem.), hī ('these') hū ('that' masc.), hūa ('that' fem.), hū ('those'). is slightly lower and more centralized than, is slightly lower and more centralized than. Lax vowels ( ɪ, ʊ, ə) are phonetically short and tense vowels ( i, e, ɛ, u, o, ɔ, a) are phonetically long. Sindhi has a ten vowel system composed of three lax and seven tense vowels.

Vicholi is the literary language and is considered the standard. Sindhi has six dialects: Siraiki in Upper Sindh, Vicholi in Central Sindh, Lari in Lower Sindh, Lasi in the Lasa Belo region of Baluchistan, Thari in southeast Sindh and the Jaisalmer district of India, Kacchi in Gujarat. In Pakistan it predominates in the rural areas. Sindhi is the official language of the Pakistani province of Sindh and one of the 23 official languages of India. Speakers: There are about 29 million native Sindhi speakers of which 26 million in Pakistan and 3 million in India. Sindhi speaking expatriates, from Pakistan and India, reside in the United Arab Emirates, Oman, Singapore, United Kingdom, Canada and the United States. India has also a substantial number of speakers, especially in Gujarat, Mumbai and Pune.

Within Pakistan, there are also Sindhi speakers in the southwestern Province of Baluchistan (Lasa Belo region). Developed in the lower Indus River valley, a land that experienced an early contact with Islam, it was influenced by Arabic and Persian at the lexical level and by Persian at the phonological level.ĭistribution: The majority of speakers live in the Sindh province of south-east Pakistan. Sindhi is a regional Indo-Aryan language born in the western fringes of Medieval India. Other languages of the same group are Punjabi and Kashmiri.

Sindhu was also the proper name of the Indus River.Ĭlassification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Modern Indo-Aryan, North-Western. Name Origin: Sindhi derives from the Sanskrit word sindhu, that means 'river'.