3-4, 2021, was the deepest in the history of our 7-year atmospheric monitoring program. We have measured Forbush decreases before. Radiation from deep space that would normally pepper Earth's upper atmosphere is briefly wiped out. It happens when a CME from the sun sweeps past Earth and literally pushes cosmic rays away from our planet. This is called a "Forbush decrease," named after American physicist Scott Forbush who studied cosmic rays in the early 20th century. It happened during the strong geomagnetic storms of Nov. 2021): Our balloons have just measured a sudden drop in atmospheric radiation. Our monitoring program has been underway without interruption for 7 years, resulting in a unique dataset of in situ atmospheric measurements. These balloons are equipped with sensors that detect secondary cosmic rays, a form of radiation from space that can penetrate all the way down to Earth's surface.
SPACE WEATHER BALLOON DATA: Almost once a week, and the students of Earth to Sky Calculus fly space weather balloons to the stratosphere over California. MAG is the visual magnitude of the asteroid on "Lunar Distance." 1 LD = 384,401 km, the distanceīetween Earth and the Moon.
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These unique gifts have flown above 99.7% of Earth's atmosphere, experiencing space-like blasts of cosmic rays, extreme cold, and a wild ride parachuting back to Earth after the balloon explodes. It's filled with unique items that have flown to the edge of space onboard cosmic ray research balloons. Are you looking for a far-out gift? Check out the Earth to Sky Store. GIFTS FROM THE EDGE OF SPACE: Christmas is coming. 18th, telescopes on Earth can see that flyby in the evening sky just after sunset. What's next? Six days after its close approach to Earth, Comet Leonard will pass by Venus even closer - less than 4.3 million km away. Sky watchers should should take binoculars as backup. Pristine darkness is required to see the dim fuzzball. The full-sized version of his video shows airplanes criss-crossing the sky as well as the bright star Arcturus in the upper right.Īlthough Comet Leonard is techically a naked-eye object, it is not nearly as bright as last year's Comet NEOWISE. "You can see its existence with your unaided eyes," reports Yasushi Aoshima of Ishikawa, Japan, who photographed the comet above scudding snow clouds on Dec. This is just above the threshold of naked-eye visibility. The predicted light curve of Comet Leonard has it peaking between 4th and 5th magnitude on Dec. The early hour and decreasing altitude can make Comet Leonard a challenge to photograph despite its growing brightness, but astronomers are getting good results. Comet Leonard is currently in the constellation Serpens diving toward the morning sun. Taylor had to shoot the comet through tree limbs because it is getting low in the pre-dawn sky. "The limbs offered a different framing for my Nikon D850 camera attached to a Tak FSQ 106 telescope." "Caught between tree limbs, Comet Leonard was a pleasant sight in binoculars," says Taylor. Amateur astronomer Tom Taylor sends this picture from Tucson, Arizona: Since Monday the comet has nearly tripled in brightness, now magnitude +5, making it an easy target for backyard telescopes. Solar flare alerts: SMS TextĬOMET LEONARD UPDATE: Comet Leonard (C/2021 A3) is approaching Earth for a close encounter (35 million km away) on Dec. No geomagnetic storms are expected, but the near miss could spark auroras around the poles.
The swirling debris will probably sail just south of our planet on Dec. 5th, a magnetic filament in the sun's southern hemisphere exploded. Neutron counts from the University of Oulu's Sodankyla Geophysical Observatory show that cosmic rays reaching Earth are slowly declining-a result of the yin-yang relationship between the solar cycle and cosmic rays.Ī SOLAR STORM WILL BARELY MISS EARTH: On Dec. Credit: SDO/HMIĬosmic Rays Solar Cycle 25 is beginning, and this is reflected in the number of cosmic rays entering Earth's atmosphere.
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